How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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Martin Klingensmith-3

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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On Mon, Jul 6, 2009 at 10:23 AM, Roland Wiench<[hidden email]> wrote:
> The compressor for a A/C system can exchange from cool to heat or heat to
> cool.  The compressor alone can convert 80 F. degree heat that is put under
> pressure.  It then is cool while under compression and than expanded which
> then puts out 50 F.
>
> This can be reversed where the 50 F. air is exchange to 80 F. air which is
> about the maximum differential for a vehicle, unless you have a large
> industrial type that can exchange cooler air to that temperature.


Admittedly I don't know much about HVAC. It seems like the temperature
difference would be better than that. It must be that home heat pumps
use much better refrigerant? My parents' house has a heat pump that
works down to about 35 degrees F. outside and an air temp. of ~70F on
the inside. In the summer it switches to operate around 70F inside and
80-100F outside. Very versatile systems.

--
Martin K.

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Zeke Yewdall

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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A home A/C unit has a much larger evaporator area -- think of the typical
size of a pad mounted unit for a house -- which is often roughtly the same
size capacity as an SUV's A/C -- just with much larger heat exchangers to
increase the efficiency, and operating range.

On Mon, Jul 6, 2009 at 12:09 PM, Martin Klingensmith <
[hidden email]> wrote:

> On Mon, Jul 6, 2009 at 10:23 AM, Roland Wiench<[hidden email]> wrote:
> > The compressor for a A/C system can exchange from cool to heat or heat to
> > cool.  The compressor alone can convert 80 F. degree heat that is put
> under
> > pressure.  It then is cool while under compression and than expanded
> which
> > then puts out 50 F.
> >
> > This can be reversed where the 50 F. air is exchange to 80 F. air which
> is
> > about the maximum differential for a vehicle, unless you have a large
> > industrial type that can exchange cooler air to that temperature.
>
>
> Admittedly I don't know much about HVAC. It seems like the temperature
> difference would be better than that. It must be that home heat pumps
> use much better refrigerant? My parents' house has a heat pump that
> works down to about 35 degrees F. outside and an air temp. of ~70F on
> the inside. In the summer it switches to operate around 70F inside and
> 80-100F outside. Very versatile systems.
>
> --
> Martin K.
>
> _______________________________________________
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Electric_Blue_Motors

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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In reply to this post by Bill Ferguson
We have an air conditioning unit that does not use an extra motor and pulley. It is very energy efficient and will keep your cabin cold from the summer heat. Please check our website www.electricbluemotors.com to find out more. I'm sorry for the quick reply but we are incredibly busy today.

Thanks,

Electric Blue Motors 9285261590CoolBlueManual.pdf

 
Bill Ferguson wrote:
EV experts,

Has anyone put air conditioning in their EV conversion? If so, how  
did you do it or how would you do it?

It seems the easiest way would be to add a small electric motor to  
power the existing air conditioner compressor, but I'm having trouble  
finding one that would work. I need a high quality, professional  
looking/performing solution, because we plan to sell the car.

Does anyone know where I could buy a small electric motor that will  
run off 300V DC? It could be either brushless or with brushes, one  
hp. RPM could be 2,000 to 8000 rpm. I don't know if anyone makes a  
motor like this.

I'm with a small group that is making our first electric car. We have  
a 2001 Honda Civic, have removed the gas motor and will be putting in  
an AC motor, controller, lithium-ion batteries and other electronics.

We need a DC motor to run the air conditioner. Our battery pack is 96  
cells at 3.2 V each, so our battery pack will be 308 V. We have to  
have high voltage, in order to provide enough power to the AC motor.  
We can't run it off 12V, because it would take too much current from  
our DC/DC converter.

Does anyone know a company or a brand that sells a small, electric,  
off-the-shelf, DC motor, along with the controller, that is powered  
by 300V DC? I found one company, Anaheim Automation, but they don't  
have a controller/driver for 300VDC.

I see one or 2 companies sell a complete AC compressor, such as Cool  
Blue, but it's AC, so their plan to buy both the compressor and and  
inverter makes it more expensive and more complicated.

Any ideas on a good solution would be appreciated.

Thank you,
Bill Ferguson
eeVee Motors
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Jeff Shanab

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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As I followed the thread I was thinking why not use the compressor from
a prius. I believe these are the same on the ford. The are made by denso
and may operate of the boosted pack voltage. The controller is part and
parcel of the motor controller thought :-(

If you do this, you must recharge your system and use the correct oil in
the refrigerant, their is a special one for this high voltage
environment. The system normally operates with a variable rpm based on
demand. no cycling on a high pressure switch or use of a TXV. Not sure
how to implement this. (I have been thinking of doing this for my EV
when I switch to LiIon and recover some lost space)

>> > I need a high quality, professional
>> > looking/performing solution, because we plan to sell the car.
>>    
>
> What about using a A/C compressor off the Ford Excape hybrid, it's electric and runs off of 200 volts DC input. I got this information from the Ford instructor and have not confirmed it yet.
>   >
>   > Does anyone know where I could buy a small electric motor that will
>   > run off 300V DC? It could be either brushless or with brushes, one
>   > hp. RPM could be 2,000 to 8000 rpm. I don't know if anyone makes a
>   > motor like this.
>   >
>   >
>   > Thank you,
>   > Bill Ferguson
>   > eeVee Motors
>
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>  

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Roger Heuckeroth

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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Sounds really complicated.  If you were starting from scratch it  
wouldn't be that difficult to design a PID loop to modulate the  
compressor RPM based on desired evaporator temperature, or some other  
variable.  However, retrofiting this into the existing climate control  
system sounds like a lot of work?

On Jul 7, 2009, at 9:55 AM, Jeff Shanab wrote:

> As I followed the thread I was thinking why not use the compressor  
> from
> a prius. I believe these are the same on the ford. The are made by  
> denso
> and may operate of the boosted pack voltage. The controller is part  
> and
> parcel of the motor controller thought :-(
>
> If you do this, you must recharge your system and use the correct  
> oil in
> the refrigerant, their is a special one for this high voltage
> environment. The system normally operates with a variable rpm based on
> demand. no cycling on a high pressure switch or use of a TXV. Not sure
> how to implement this. (I have been thinking of doing this for my EV
> when I switch to LiIon and recover some lost space)
>
>>>> I need a high quality, professional
>>>> looking/performing solution, because we plan to sell the car.
>>>
>>
>> What about using a A/C compressor off the Ford Excape hybrid, it's  
>> electric and runs off of 200 volts DC input. I got this information  
>> from the Ford instructor and have not confirmed it yet.
>>>
>>> Does anyone know where I could buy a small electric motor that will
>>> run off 300V DC? It could be either brushless or with brushes, one
>>> hp. RPM could be 2,000 to 8000 rpm. I don't know if anyone makes a
>>> motor like this.
>>>
>>>
>>> Thank you,
>>> Bill Ferguson
>>> eeVee Motors
>>
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Christopher Zach

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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Roger Heuckeroth wrote:
> Sounds really complicated.  If you were starting from scratch it  
> wouldn't be that difficult to design a PID loop to modulate the  
> compressor RPM based on desired evaporator temperature, or some other  
> variable.  However, retrofiting this into the existing climate control  
> system sounds like a lot of work?

And as I discussed on the US Electricar list, for what benefit. If your
variable control made the AC run at twice the efficiency of a stupid
"on-off" you would probably gain about a mile of range every 30 minutes.

Might be worth it for hypermillers, but for someone who just wants to be
cool, a stock motor bolted to the AC would beat having the windows down
by far.

Chris

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Bob Sisson

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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Magnatek does 300V directly...

I posted a link to the compressors days ago...

They use a Brushless Motor that comes with its own controller/inverter
board...

No problems, no issues... I believe Metric Mind has a page showing how they
did it using the 250V version...

Bob Sisson
1993 Geo Metro Convertible Project
Gaithersburg MD

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Metric Mind

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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Years ago (I think in 1998 or so) I did this with Leeson 6.7A
180V motor directly coupled to stock compressor:
http://metricmind.com/dc_honda/ac1.jpg

I plan to use Masterflux unit in my conversion, as few my customers
do, for instance here:
http://www.evdrive.com/BMW_project/AirConditioning.html

I tried to arrange distributorship with Masterflux, but they are
too disorganized as far as communicating and slow to response,
so I probably will settle for some other company.

I'm not the expert on A/C, but I heard Masterflux compressors
need some specific oil to operate which is seen as disadvantage and
may not be the case with other manufacturers. This may not be the issue
once the system is commissioned and works, but may be it is.

I have no first hand experience with it (will install one in ACRX
for trial), other that I inspected their inverter and I think this
is overkill complexity for just an A/C control.

Direct drive is not as slick as one integrated motor-compressor
piece but it let you to use stock compressor sized to the vehicle,
and independently choose external motor matching your battery.

With integrated solution you're stuck with provided combo, like
with integrated TV-VHS-DVD set - if you don't like one part of it
(or it breaks), you're stuck. Integrated thing is good for OEM and
if designed from ground up with particular vehicle in mind.
With conversion these advantages are not so apparent.
Solectria went for a simple belt driven solution years ago for good
reason. Both ways have merits.

--
Victor
'91 ACRX - something different
'01 in-AUDI-ble handsome car with 0.4MW AC drive - work in progress.

Bob Sisson wrote:

> Magnatek does 300V directly...
>
> I posted a link to the compressors days ago...
>
> They use a Brushless Motor that comes with its own controller/inverter
> board...
>
> No problems, no issues... I believe Metric Mind has a page showing how they
> did it using the 250V version...
>
> Bob Sisson
> 1993 Geo Metro Convertible Project
> Gaithersburg MD

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Mark Farver-3

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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On Tue, Jul 7, 2009 at 11:56 AM, Metric Mind<[hidden email]> wrote:
> I tried to arrange distributorship with Masterflux, but they are
> too disorganized as far as communicating and slow to response,
> so I probably will settle for some other company.

Masterflux has decided to concentrate on the large OEM market and is
not accepting new distributors.  REVOLT Custom Electric will continue
to sell the units in small quantities for the hobbyist, professional
conversion and EV parts market.  The lead times are still high, though
we are working to reduce them.

REVOLT has the full line Sierra compressors.  The Sierra05 and 06
models are most useful for automotive work.
http://www.masterflux.com/products/sierra/

> I'm not the expert on A/C, but I heard Masterflux compressors
> need some specific oil to operate which is seen as disadvantage and
> may not be the case with other manufacturers. This may not be the issue
> once the system is commissioned and works, but may be it is.

The Sierra compressors use R-134 refrigerant, which has been standard
on most cars sold in the US since the mid 1990's.  Standard PAG oil is
conductive and cannot be used in designs that have the motor submerged
in refrigerant.  For the Masterflux a non-conductive PVE type oil is
used.   I believe the Gen 2 Prius also requires a special oil for its
electric compressor.

REVOLT and Masterflux recommend flushing the system clean and
replacing the accumulator/dryer before charging the system. This is
good idea anytime you have the system open to the air for an extended
length of time, no matter the compressor choice.  The compressor comes
precharged with its oil, but the installer will need to add a small
amount of oil (typically 2-3 ounces) to account for the oil that will
get trapped in the condensor, evaporator and dryer.  Most factory
service manuals will have enough data to calculate the correct amount
of oil in each part of the system.  If the vehicle originally used
R-12 refrigerant we recommend replacing the condensor with a more
efficient parallel flow model and swapping the expansion valve for a
R-134 calibrated or a variable orifice.

> I have no first hand experience with it (will install one in ACRX
> for trial), other that I inspected their inverter and I think this
> is overkill complexity for just an A/C control.

The motor is a 156V BLDC design.  I agree, the included controller is
bulky, expensive (it makes up more than 50% of the system cost),  and
is not ideal for an automotive environment.  It comes from the factory
as a bare 6x10" circuit board screwed to a heatsink nearly as large as
a Curtis.  It is also responsible for most of the lead time on the
kits.  We'd like to offer a smaller water resistant and water cooled
controller design, and are interested in exploring other options or
suppliers.

My personal experience is this: Before the Masterflux units were
available I purchased a 2HP AC motor and inverter to run the AC in my
MR2.  I've spent more than the cost of the Masterflux trying to get it
working, and it still doesn't.  In the meantime I've installed
Masterflux systems on two customer cars and they are working without
incident.

Hope that helps, if you have any questions about the Masterflux unit
or automotive AC questions in general we may be able to help.  Feel
free to send us an email.  It gets hot in Texas.

Mark Farver
REVOLT Custom Electric Vehicles
Austin, TX

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Richard Furniss

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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You will need a inverter for the Prius compressor where as the ford compressor runs on DC.
  ----- Original Message -----
  From: Jeff Shanab
  To: [hidden email]
  Sent: Tuesday, July 07, 2009 6:55 AM
  Subject: Re: [EVDL] How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?


  As I followed the thread I was thinking why not use the compressor from
  a prius. I believe these are the same on the ford. The are made by denso
  and may operate of the boosted pack voltage. The controller is part and
  parcel of the motor controller thought :-(

  If you do this, you must recharge your system and use the correct oil in
  the refrigerant, their is a special one for this high voltage
  environment. The system normally operates with a variable rpm based on
  demand. no cycling on a high pressure switch or use of a TXV. Not sure
  how to implement this. (I have been thinking of doing this for my EV
  when I switch to LiIon and recover some lost space)

  >> > I need a high quality, professional
  >> > looking/performing solution, because we plan to sell the car.
  >>    
  >
  > What about using a A/C compressor off the Ford Excape hybrid, it's electric and runs off of 200 volts DC input. I got this information from the Ford instructor and have not confirmed it yet.
  >   >
  >   > Does anyone know where I could buy a small electric motor that will
  >   > run off 300V DC? It could be either brushless or with brushes, one
  >   > hp. RPM could be 2,000 to 8000 rpm. I don't know if anyone makes a
  >   > motor like this.
  >   >
  >   >
  >   > Thank you,
  >   > Bill Ferguson
  >   > eeVee Motors
  >
  >   _______________________________________________
  >   General EVDL support: http://evdl.org/help/
  >   Usage guidelines: http://evdl.org/help/index.html#conv
  >   Archives: http://evdl.org/archive/
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  >  

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Metric Mind

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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Mark Farver wrote:

> Masterflux has decided to concentrate on the large OEM market and is
> not accepting new distributors.

First time I talked to them was around 2005 and this wasn't the case.
Anyhow, while Masterflux is good choice for EV A/C I (as company)
don't miss it as it's outside of electronic hardware I want to
concentrate on.

  REVOLT Custom Electric will continue
> to sell the units in small quantities for the hobbyist, professional
> conversion and EV parts market.  The lead times are still high, though
> we are working to reduce them.
>
> REVOLT has the full line Sierra compressors.  The Sierra05 and 06
> models are most useful for automotive work.
> http://www.masterflux.com/products/sierra/

This is what I have (and also sold to other 2 people).

For the Masterflux a non-conductive PVE type oil is
> used.   I believe the Gen 2 Prius also requires a special oil for its
> electric compressor.

I don't know much details, but heard from Sanden Engineers
non-favorable comments about this requirement and choice of Masterflux.
May be non-issue (they do work in cars), but the comments must
have had some basis to make them. They wouldn't without good reasons
Masterflux of course isn't going to advertise.

Personally, I like the way unit looks (not the controller).
Run from simple VFD it should be fine if reliable over time.

> REVOLT and Masterflux recommend flushing the system clean and
> replacing the accumulator/dryer before charging the system.

Are you saying every time you take A/C apart you better replace
the dryer?

> This is
> good idea anytime you have the system open to the air for an extended
> length of time, no matter the compressor choice.  The compressor comes
> precharged with its oil, but the installer will need to add a small
> amount of oil (typically 2-3 ounces) to account for the oil that will
> get trapped in the condensor, evaporator and dryer.

Where do you normally get PVE oil?

>> I have no first hand experience with it (will install one in ACRX
>> for trial), other that I inspected their inverter and I think this
>> is overkill complexity for just an A/C control.

 > The motor is a 156V BLDC design.

This really limits its use for HV systems. The inverter sure can put out
150V
average, but near 400V peaks of PWM still applied to the stator windings
and insulation is not meant to handle it.

So this is OK for ~150VDC traction systems. An option is to step down
the output voltage with 3 phase transformer installed between inverter
and the motor, but his is not very optimal.

> My personal experience is this: Before the Masterflux units were
> available I purchased a 2HP AC motor and inverter to run the AC in my
> MR2.  I've spent more than the cost of the Masterflux trying to get it
> working, and it still doesn't.  In the meantime I've installed
> Masterflux systems on two customer cars and they are working without
> incident.

That doesn't tell anything about Masterflux, this just tells about
your problems making inverter to get 2hp motor running off DC bus.
You didn't use any stock inverter, did you? If not, why not?

In my Audi conversion I'm considering just that - to run stock
compressor with BLDC motor and don't see fundamental problem with this.
Dedicated unit may be still preferred choice, but before battery config
gets finalized, I cannot decide on this.

> Hope that helps, if you have any questions about the Masterflux unit
> or automotive AC questions in general we may be able to help.  Feel
> free to send us an email.  It gets hot in Texas.

Not as bad as in Texas, but here in Portland we get some hot days too.

> Mark Farver
> REVOLT Custom Electric Vehicles
> Austin, TX

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Jeff Shanab

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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> Mark Farver wrote:
>
>> Masterflux has decided to concentrate on the large OEM market and is
>> not accepting new distributors.
>
> First time I talked to them was around 2005 and this wasn't the case.
> Anyhow, while Masterflux is good choice for EV A/C I (as company)
> don't miss it as it's outside of electronic hardware I want to
> concentrate on.
>
>  REVOLT Custom Electric will continue
>> to sell the units in small quantities for the hobbyist, professional
>> conversion and EV parts market.  The lead times are still high, though
>> we are working to reduce them.
>>
>> REVOLT has the full line Sierra compressors.  The Sierra05 and 06
>> models are most useful for automotive work.
>> http://www.masterflux.com/products/sierra/
>
> This is what I have (and also sold to other 2 people).
>
> For the Masterflux a non-conductive PVE type oil is
>> used.   I believe the Gen 2 Prius also requires a special oil for its
>> electric compressor.
>
> I don't know much details, but heard from Sanden Engineers
> non-favorable comments about this requirement and choice of Masterflux.
> May be non-issue (they do work in cars), but the comments must
> have had some basis to make them. They wouldn't without good reasons
> Masterflux of course isn't going to advertise.

The seals must be compatible with the new oil or they, well, dissolve.
There is a term called the black death on ford AC systems that were
converted to R134a. The oil in suspension is PAG and it attacked the old
compressors seals and turned them into black residue in the lines.
This has created a scare that transcends many AC fields. Maybe that is
the source of the statements by sanden.
some say the use of the PAG oil will cause short int the motor windings,
but I was told it is more of a leakage that will cause HV to leak onto
the 12V system, which is not isolated, and hince may tickle the owner or
set of ground faults.

>
> Personally, I like the way unit looks (not the controller).
> Run from simple VFD it should be fine if reliable over time.
>
>> REVOLT and Masterflux recommend flushing the system clean and
>> replacing the accumulator/dryer before charging the system.
>
> Are you saying every time you take A/C apart you better replace
> the dryer?
>
>> This is
>> good idea anytime you have the system open to the air for an extended
>> length of time, no matter the compressor choice.  The compressor comes
>> precharged with its oil, but the installer will need to add a small
>> amount of oil (typically 2-3 ounces) to account for the oil that will
>> get trapped in the condensor, evaporator and dryer.
>
> Where do you normally get PVE oil?
>
>>> I have no first hand experience with it (will install one in ACRX
>>> for trial), other that I inspected their inverter and I think this
>>> is overkill complexity for just an A/C control.
>
> > The motor is a 156V BLDC design.
>
> This really limits its use for HV systems. The inverter sure can put
> out 150V
> average, but near 400V peaks of PWM still applied to the stator windings
> and insulation is not meant to handle it.
>
> So this is OK for ~150VDC traction systems. An option is to step down
> the output voltage with 3 phase transformer installed between inverter
> and the motor, but his is not very optimal.
A two stage inverter also would solve this issue. Essentially it adds
one more switch and one more inductor. The freq can be kept high so the
size stays small.

>
>> My personal experience is this: Before the Masterflux units were
>> available I purchased a 2HP AC motor and inverter to run the AC in my
>> MR2.  I've spent more than the cost of the Masterflux trying to get it
>> working, and it still doesn't.  In the meantime I've installed
>> Masterflux systems on two customer cars and they are working without
>> incident.
>
> That doesn't tell anything about Masterflux, this just tells about
> your problems making inverter to get 2hp motor running off DC bus.
> You didn't use any stock inverter, did you? If not, why not?
>
> In my Audi conversion I'm considering just that - to run stock
> compressor with BLDC motor and don't see fundamental problem with this.
> Dedicated unit may be still preferred choice, but before battery config
> gets finalized, I cannot decide on this.
>
>> Hope that helps, if you have any questions about the Masterflux unit
>> or automotive AC questions in general we may be able to help.  Feel
>> free to send us an email.  It gets hot in Texas.
>
> Not as bad as in Texas, but here in Portland we get some hot days too.
>
>> Mark Farver
>> REVOLT Custom Electric Vehicles
>> Austin, TX

I am trying to fix my AC at home. The stupid condensor fan is a 3 phase
BLDC motor and the control boards are bolted to the back and keep going
out. They are expensive to replace and only sold with the motor.
Perhaps, increasing the 6 mosfet sizes in this board would allow you to
run a prius compressor. 240vac is about 336V dc. Unfortunantly some more
work needs to be done. The onboard power supply for the chips and gate
drive is a 60hz transformer and linear rectifier.  But it is driven by a
PWM signal representing 0 to 100% mapped to 440-850 rpm


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Steve Kobb

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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>> How is this setup "sub-optimal"?

The air coming out of the events is... coolish. Not what I would call cold air.

Also -- and of greater concern -- this motor gets really hot. I took a reading on it some weeks ago, but I can't remember the exact temperature. Probably should take another reading and then contact GE tech support.

The bottom line, though, is that I'm concerned that this 1HP motor is under-sized for the load.


>> What rpm are you driving the compressor?

Well, the motor is rated 1750 RPM at 180vdc, but the actual voltage as supplied from the pack is usually around 165.


>> Which Denso compressor are you using and what refrigerant?

Don't really know, actually. There are no labels or model numbers on the compressor itself. This thing was installed by a local auto air-conditioning shop. The next time I see the proprietor, I'll ask (just out of curiosity).

When I initially had them set it up for me, I was going to use an AC motor powered by an inverter that took energy from its own Optima Blue Top. Well, inrush spikes put the kabosh on that idea. The inverter didn't want to play ball, and so the AC motor simply wouldn't run.
Christopher Zach

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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Steve Kobb wrote:
> The air coming out of the events is... coolish. Not what I would call cold
> air.
>
> Also -- and of greater concern -- this motor gets really hot. I took a
> reading on it some weeks ago, but I can't remember the exact temperature.
> Probably should take another reading and then contact GE tech support.

Just checking here, do you have air in the lines? Air will really
increase the load on a compressor, as well as limit the cooling.

> The bottom line, though, is that I'm concerned that this 1HP motor is
> under-sized for the load.

The motor on my Prizm is a 1.5hp BLDC. It works exceptionally well, to
the point where I am freezing.

Chris


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Martin Klingensmith-3

Re: How to do air conditioning? or 300VDC motor?

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On Mon, Jul 6, 2009 at 10:23 AM, Roland Wiench<[hidden email]> wrote:
> At 0 degrees, you may be able to get 50 degrees heat out.  I find that all I
> need for my electric hot water temperature to defrosted the windshield at
> any low temperature.

I was sitting in my car thinking (I have a long commute) and I
realized that this differential may be substantial enough to heat a
car in the winter. You wouldn't be taking 100% outside air to heat the
vehicle - like a normal home HVAC system you would have a mixer that
would take perhaps 30% outdoor air and 70% cabin air. Again, I'm not
an expert, but it seems like the EER should easily exceed 1 (more
efficient than resistive heating)

--
Martin K.

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